bollywood-holywood: rec.arts.movies.local.indian - 12 new messages in 4 topics

rec.arts.movies.local.indian
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Today's topics:

* UK RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS FORCED TO REJECT HATE - 8 messages, 5 authors
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.movies.local.indian/t/dcfc2e198d269895?hl=en
* Jai Maharaj is a sad monkey - 2 messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.movies.local.indian/t/4f0623dd6ffbc762?hl=en
* ASTROLOGY: AN ABUSE OF ASTRONOMY - 1 messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.movies.local.indian/t/279c80a2cca778e9?hl=en
* HELP DESK SOFTWARE - 1 messages, 1 author
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.movies.local.indian/t/f7cd89b8472c039a?hl=en

==============================================================================
TOPIC: UK RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS FORCED TO REJECT HATE
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.movies.local.indian/t/dcfc2e198d269895?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 8 ==
Date: Fri, Apr 9 2010 11:43 pm
From: rfischer@sonic.net (Ray Fischer)

regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>Ray Fischer wrote:
>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>> Ray Fischer wrote:

>>>> Nope. Still you. In fact you care so much that you're wanting to
>>>> ignore Christ's teaching in order to have the government inflict
>>>> your hatred upon them.
>>>
>>> No hatred.
>>
>> Your wish to persecute other reveals your hate.
>
>You go round in circles. I want laws preventing unsafe sexual
>acts that facilitate the spread of disease.

Quite the anti-sex fascist, aren't you? You want to impose a
dictatorship where people's private sex lives are monitored for
state compliance. And why? Because you think that you know what's
best for people?

--
Ray Fischer
rfischer@sonic.net

== 2 of 8 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 3:47 am
From: Attila <

On Sat, 10 Apr 2010 01:32:02 GMT, "regn.pickfod" <regn@mysoul.cop.au>
in alt.abortion with message-id <4bbfd50f$1@news.comindico.com.au>
wrote:

>W.T.S. wrote:
>> "regn.pickfod" <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote in message
>> news:4bbfad06@news.comindico.com.au...
>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> So Homosexuals care nothing for the truth and care only
>>>>>>>>>>>>> about rationalising their insane hatred.?
>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that's still you.
>>>>>>>>>>> The only Queer here is you, girly-boyo.
>>>>>>>>>> And yet you're the one who thinks about gay sex so much.
>>>>>>>>> I'm not the one dishonestly snipping the posts in defense
>>>>>>>>> of Homosexuality.
>>>>>>>> Neither am I, bigot. But you are the one who cares deeply about
>>>>>>>> the sex lives of homosexuals.
>>>>>>> Of course you do.
>>>>>> Nope. Still you. In fact you care so much that you're wanting to
>>>>>> ignore Christ's teaching in order to have the government inflict
>>>>>> your hatred upon them.
>>>>> No hatred.
>>>> Your wish to persecute other reveals your hate.
>>> You go round in circles. I want laws preventing unsafe sexual
>>> acts that facilitate the spread of disease.I am not targetting
>>> Homoexuals and it is really juvenile to keep claiming it is hate
>>> based.
>>> You are inferring Homosexuals can only be Homosexuals if they
>>> engage in unsafe sexual acts. now that is a prejudiced and
>>> hatefull thing to say
>>>>> just some particular health and safety laws that would see
>>>> That's a stupid lie, asshole.
>>> what is it you are calling a lie? and don't call me asshole.I'm an
>>> Australian.
>>> It's Arsehole in Australian. Asshole is a stupid Yankee insult.
>> If we outlaw unsafe sexual acts, we'd have to outlaw any form of sex
>> between husband and wife, even for the purpose of pro-creation. After all,
>> you don't know where a husband/wife has been when you're
>> not around. Church, bad. Sex, good. Medical science, good too.
>> ----------------------------------------
>> http://folding.stanford.edu
>> Save lives, visit today!
>
>heard of chastity belts?

But who has the keys?

>
>
>-true love is blaming it on a public toilet seat.
>
>Athiest, no moral compass.
>
Almost everybody who refers to "moral"
means "what I think that you should do".

--
Pro-Choice is Pro-Freedom

Every illegal alien is a criminal.
No amnesty under any name or for any reason.
Deportation upon identification, not work permit or citizenship.

Support H.R. 1940: Birthright Citizenship Act of 2007

Any organizations with any of the following words or phrases in their name should
be avoided at all costs:

Catholic anything, especially the cult.
Citizens for a Responsible Curriculum
Decency
Family - Other than Family Planing
"Faith Based" Anything
Justice Institute
Liberty
Life
Moral
Parents Television Council
United for Life
Values

Michael Vick should be stripped naked and put in a pit
with at least a dozen of his dogs.

== 3 of 8 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 7:51 pm
From: "regn.pickfod"

SuryaArya wrote:
> http://www.angelfire.com/oh/Monkeys2/images/NGMonkey.jpg

I'm sorry but I have a lady friend, already. You might want to consider
joining myspace or facebook?

== 4 of 8 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 7:56 pm
From: "regn.pickfod"

Attila wrote:
> On Sat, 10 Apr 2010 01:32:02 GMT, "regn.pickfod" <regn@mysoul.cop.au>
> in alt.abortion with message-id <4bbfd50f$1@news.comindico.com.au>
> wrote:
>
>> W.T.S. wrote:
>>> "regn.pickfod" <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote in message
>>> news:4bbfad06@news.comindico.com.au...
>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> So Homosexuals care nothing for the truth and care only
>>>>>>>>>>>>>> about rationalising their insane hatred.?
>>>>>>>>>>>>> No, that's still you.
>>>>>>>>>>>> The only Queer here is you, girly-boyo.
>>>>>>>>>>> And yet you're the one who thinks about gay sex so much.
>>>>>>>>>> I'm not the one dishonestly snipping the posts in defense
>>>>>>>>>> of Homosexuality.
>>>>>>>>> Neither am I, bigot. But you are the one who cares deeply
>>>>>>>>> about the sex lives of homosexuals.
>>>>>>>> Of course you do.
>>>>>>> Nope. Still you. In fact you care so much that you're wanting
>>>>>>> to ignore Christ's teaching in order to have the government
>>>>>>> inflict your hatred upon them.
>>>>>> No hatred.
>>>>> Your wish to persecute other reveals your hate.
>>>> You go round in circles. I want laws preventing unsafe sexual
>>>> acts that facilitate the spread of disease.I am not targetting
>>>> Homoexuals and it is really juvenile to keep claiming it is hate
>>>> based.
>>>> You are inferring Homosexuals can only be Homosexuals if they
>>>> engage in unsafe sexual acts. now that is a prejudiced and
>>>> hatefull thing to say
>>>>>> just some particular health and safety laws that would see
>>>>> That's a stupid lie, asshole.
>>>> what is it you are calling a lie? and don't call me asshole.I'm an
>>>> Australian.
>>>> It's Arsehole in Australian. Asshole is a stupid Yankee insult.
>>> If we outlaw unsafe sexual acts, we'd have to outlaw any form of sex
>>> between husband and wife, even for the purpose of pro-creation.
>>> After all, you don't know where a husband/wife has been when you're
>>> not around. Church, bad. Sex, good. Medical science, good too.
>>> ----------------------------------------
>>> http://folding.stanford.edu
>>> Save lives, visit today!
>>
>> heard of chastity belts?
>
> But who has the keys?
>
It would be up to the individuals I would imagine.

>>
>>
>> -true love is blaming it on a public toilet seat.
>>
>> Athiest, no moral compass.
>>
> Almost everybody who refers to "moral"
> means "what I think that you should do".

Athiests have no moral compass so yeah, you could
say they would have to pull it out of their arse.

You must know a lot of Athiests.

== 5 of 8 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 8:06 pm
From: "regn.pickfod"

Ray Fischer wrote:
> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
>
>>>>> Nope. Still you. In fact you care so much that you're wanting to
>>>>> ignore Christ's teaching in order to have the government inflict
>>>>> your hatred upon them.
>>>>
>>>> No hatred.
>>>
>>> Your wish to persecute other reveals your hate.
>>
>> You go round in circles. I want laws preventing unsafe sexual
>> acts that facilitate the spread of disease.
>
> Quite the anti-sex fascist, aren't you? You want to impose a
> dictatorship where people's private sex lives are monitored for
> state compliance. And why? Because you think that you know what's
> best for people?

Crikey. A post where you didn't call me Bigot, Hater or Liar.

I should have written `prohibiting unsafe sexual acts' rather than
`preventing`.
Prevention is the goal, not the method.

It is simple common sense like testing blood donors for AIDS
or asking them if they are Faggots before draining the `good` oil.

== 6 of 8 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 8:10 pm
From: usenet@mantra.com and/or www.mantra.com/jai (Dr. Jai Maharaj)

In article <f9793a70-472a-4de5-8ba4-94c392a1c018@k33g2000yqc.googlegroups.com>,
SuryaArya <whitedawn@inbox.com> posted:
>
> . . .

The original post dated February 23, 2010:

UK RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS FORCED TO PROMOTE ABORTION, HOMOSEXUALITY UNDER SEX-ED BILL

U.K. Religious Schools Forced to Promote Abortion, Homosexuality under Sex-Ed Bill

By Hilary White
lifesitenews.com
Monday, February 22, 2010

London, February 23, 2010 (LifeSiteNews.com) - Britain's Labour
government clarified this week that an amendment to the Children,
Schools and Families bill, that says faith schools may teach the
mandatory Personal Social and Health Education (PSHE) program "in a
way that reflects the school's religious character," does not, in
fact, give the schools freedom to oppose abortion, contraception and
homosexual activity on moral grounds.

The clarification has been hailed by a local pro-life and pro-family
group as evidence that the spectre of "totalitarianism" has
reappeared in Britain.

A recent statement [1] from the Department for Children, Schools and
Families (DCSF), made in response to protests from homosexualist
groups against the government amendment, said, "Faith schools cannot
opt out of statutory [sex and relationships education] lessons when
it comes into effect in September 2011."

"All maintained schools and academies will be required to teach the
full programmes of study in line with the principles outlined in the
Bill including promoting equality and encouraging acceptance of
diversity. Schools with a religious character will be free, as they
are now, to express the views of their faith and reflect the ethos of
their school, but what they cannot do is suggest that their views are
the only ones."

The statement quotes Minister Ed Balls telling the Daily Telegraph
that religious schools should indeed be "forced" to teach pupils that
homosexuality is "normal and harmless."

Balls said, "If their faith has a view in scripture, they can inform
pupils of that. What they must not do is teach discrimination. They
must be absolutely clear about the importance of civil partnerships
[and that] bullying of homosexuals is wrong." This is in line with
previous statements [2] from Labour ministers that religious schools
will not be allowed to teach their religious tenets "as if they are
true."

On Tuesday, Balls told BBC Radio 4's Today program that in addition
to promoting homosexuality, religious schools will also be required
to promote abortion as a solution to unplanned pregnancy.

Until the passage of this bill, religious schools had the option to
teach children that homosexual activity, abortion and contraception
are wrong. But that situation, he said, "changes radically with this
bill."

"What this changes is that for the first time these schools cannot
just ignore these issues or teach only one side of the argument. They
also have to teach that there are different views on homosexuality.
They cannot teach homophobia. They must explain civil partnership.

"They must give a balanced view on abortion, they must give both
sides of the argument, they must explain how to access an abortion,
the same is true on contraception as well," Balls said. Balls backed
up [3] his insistence that faith schools will be forced to abandon
their religious beliefs, in a letter to the London Times.

Balls went on to thank Archbishop Vincent Nichols, the head of the
English Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, and the
Catholic Education Service (CES) for their support of the bill. It
was revealed [4] by the government last week that the CES had
actually assisted in drafting the legislation.

Balls said, "To have the support of the Catholic Church and
Archbishop Nichols in these changes is, I think, very, very
important, is a huge step forward. . . The Catholic Church, which I
really welcome, is supporting, for the first time, compulsory sex
education with an opt out at 15 [years]."

Anthony Ozimic, communications manager for the Society for the
Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC), told LifeSiteNews.com (LSN),
"People outside the UK must know that the British government's
ideologues are just as radical but even more cunning than the French
Revolutionaries."

SPUC is lobbying against the passage of the bill, and accuses CES of
collaborating with a radically secularist, anti-Christian government
that is bent on expanding abortion and homosexuality and suppressing
freedom of religious expression.

After the Catholic Education Service took credit for the government's
amendment implying that faith schools will be allowed to teach their
religious tenets, SPUC responded, "The only people likely to be
pleased with the press reports about the misinterpretation of this
amendment are the Catholic Education Service (CES), who want Catholic
parents and Catholic schools to think they are sticking up for them,
when in fact they are betraying their principles."

Paul Tully, SPUC's political manager, said that CES has only helped
the bill to pass by pursuing the amendment. "SPUC condemns the action
of the Catholic Education Service (CES) . . . The CES does not
represent Catholic teaching on sex education, and its betrayal of
Catholic families is widely lamented within the Catholic Church."

Anthony Ozimic said, "Compromise and accommodation with this
government will result, not in government concessions, but in
increased persecution of those who stand up for life and family.

"Catholics in particular have been placed in this grave situation by
an unholy alliance, forged by the fake Catholic Tony Blair, between
the English bishops and the Labour government. The spectre of
totalitarianism, which was seen from Britain in Eastern Europe during
the Cold War, has reappeared, this time in Britain itself."

[1] http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/news/index.cfm?event=news.item&id=response_to_comments_by_the_accord_coalition_about_the_children_schools_and_families_bill
[2] http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007/mar/07030504.html
[3] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/article7036662.ece
[4] http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2010/feb/10021203.html

More at:
http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2010/feb/10022306.html

Jai Maharaj, Jyotishi
Om Shanti

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this post may be reposted several times.

In article <4bb18ca9$0$1667$742ec2ed@news.sonic.net>,
rfischer@sonic.net posted:
>
> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >Ray Fischer wrote:
> >> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Ray Fischer wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> regn.pickfod <regn@mysoul.cop.au> wrote:
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Your hatred is not a good reason.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Nonsense.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Truth. Your hatred is not a good enough
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> reason.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Robust social f
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Your hatred of homoseuals is obvious.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To you, in your head.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You want to imprison and persecute gays. That
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is hatred.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I want the laws changed and I want Homosexuals
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to comply with those laws and _not_ go to gaol.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You want to imprison and persecute gays. Hiding
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> behind laws that you want is chickenshit
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> cowardice.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The laws were there many years before I was born.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> They do not exist now, bigot.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> They have existed and they will exist again,
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> People reject your kind of hate.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> It isn't hate,
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You lie in order to justify making people suffer.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> That is hate.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I tell the truth to help a known minority suffering a
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You're a liar and a bigot.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Homosexuals are known to have a higher than average
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> symptoms of mental disease.
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> Is there no sleazy propaganda that you won't wallow in?
> >>>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>>> If you know anything about Homosexuals then you know it is
> >>>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>>> If I know anything about bigots it is that you care nothing
> >>>>>>>>>>>> for the truth. You care only about rationaliziing your
> >>>>>>>>>>>> insane hatred.
> >>>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>>> Homosexuals are Bigots too.
> >>>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>>> Grow up, asshole.
> >>>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>>> Then you don't know enough about Homosexuals to know the
> >>>>>>>>
> >>>>>>>> Obviously you've done a lot of first-hand research.
> >>>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Holy crap. An admission of the accuracy of my claims.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Guess again, bigot. It's sarcasm.
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>>> Homosexuals are Bigots,
> >>>>>>
> >>>>>> Just like Blacks, Jews, Catholics, Heterosecuals, Women, ...
> >>>>>
> >>>>> So Homosexuals care nothing for the truth and care only about
> >>>>> rationalising their insane hatred.?
> >>>>
> >>>> No, that's still you.
> >>>
> >>> The only Queer here is you, girly-boyo.
> >>
> >> And yet you're the one who thinks about gay sex so much.
> >
> >I'm not the one dishonestly snipping the posts in defense
> >of Homosexuality.
>
> Neither am I, bigot. But you are the one who cares deeply about the
> sex lives of homosexuals.
>

== 7 of 8 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 9:05 pm
From: "regn.pickfod"

usenet@mantra.com and/or www.mantra.com/jai (Dr. Jai Maharaj) wrote:
> In article
> <f9793a70-472a-4de5-8ba4-94c392a1c018@k33g2000yqc.googlegroups.com>,
> SuryaArya <whitedawn@inbox.com> posted:
>>
>> . . .
>
> The original post dated February 23, 2010:
>
> UK RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS FORCED TO PROMOTE ABORTION, HOMOSEXUALITY UNDER
> SEX-ED BILL
>
> U.K. Religious Schools Forced to Promote Abortion, Homosexuality
> under Sex-Ed Bill
>
> By Hilary White
> lifesitenews.com
> Monday, February 22, 2010
>
> London, February 23, 2010 (LifeSiteNews.com) - Britain's Labour
> government clarified this week that an amendment to the Children,
> Schools and Families bill, that says faith schools may teach the
> mandatory Personal Social and Health Education (PSHE) program "in a
> way that reflects the school's religious character," does not, in
> fact, give the schools freedom to oppose abortion, contraception and
> homosexual activity on moral grounds.
>
> The clarification has been hailed by a local pro-life and pro-family
> group as evidence that the spectre of "totalitarianism" has
> reappeared in Britain.
>
> A recent statement [1] from the Department for Children, Schools and
> Families (DCSF), made in response to protests from homosexualist
> groups against the government amendment, said, "Faith schools cannot
> opt out of statutory [sex and relationships education] lessons when
> it comes into effect in September 2011."
>
> "All maintained schools and academies will be required to teach the
> full programmes of study in line with the principles outlined in the
> Bill including promoting equality and encouraging acceptance of
> diversity. Schools with a religious character will be free, as they
> are now, to express the views of their faith and reflect the ethos of
> their school, but what they cannot do is suggest that their views are
> the only ones."
>
> The statement quotes Minister Ed Balls telling the Daily Telegraph
> that religious schools should indeed be "forced" to teach pupils that
> homosexuality is "normal and harmless."
>
> Balls said, "If their faith has a view in scripture, they can inform
> pupils of that. What they must not do is teach discrimination. They
> must be absolutely clear about the importance of civil partnerships
> [and that] bullying of homosexuals is wrong." This is in line with
> previous statements [2] from Labour ministers that religious schools
> will not be allowed to teach their religious tenets "as if they are
> true."
>
> On Tuesday, Balls told BBC Radio 4's Today program that in addition
> to promoting homosexuality, religious schools will also be required
> to promote abortion as a solution to unplanned pregnancy.
>
> Until the passage of this bill, religious schools had the option to
> teach children that homosexual activity, abortion and contraception
> are wrong. But that situation, he said, "changes radically with this
> bill."
>
> "What this changes is that for the first time these schools cannot
> just ignore these issues or teach only one side of the argument. They
> also have to teach that there are different views on homosexuality.
> They cannot teach homophobia. They must explain civil partnership.
>
> "They must give a balanced view on abortion, they must give both
> sides of the argument, they must explain how to access an abortion,
> the same is true on contraception as well," Balls said. Balls backed
> up [3] his insistence that faith schools will be forced to abandon
> their religious beliefs, in a letter to the London Times.
>
> Balls went on to thank Archbishop Vincent Nichols, the head of the
> English Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales, and the
> Catholic Education Service (CES) for their support of the bill. It
> was revealed [4] by the government last week that the CES had
> actually assisted in drafting the legislation.
>
> Balls said, "To have the support of the Catholic Church and
> Archbishop Nichols in these changes is, I think, very, very
> important, is a huge step forward. . . The Catholic Church, which I
> really welcome, is supporting, for the first time, compulsory sex
> education with an opt out at 15 [years]."
>
> Anthony Ozimic, communications manager for the Society for the
> Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC), told LifeSiteNews.com (LSN),
> "People outside the UK must know that the British government's
> ideologues are just as radical but even more cunning than the French
> Revolutionaries."
>
> SPUC is lobbying against the passage of the bill, and accuses CES of
> collaborating with a radically secularist, anti-Christian government
> that is bent on expanding abortion and homosexuality and suppressing
> freedom of religious expression.
>
> After the Catholic Education Service took credit for the government's
> amendment implying that faith schools will be allowed to teach their
> religious tenets, SPUC responded, "The only people likely to be
> pleased with the press reports about the misinterpretation of this
> amendment are the Catholic Education Service (CES), who want Catholic
> parents and Catholic schools to think they are sticking up for them,
> when in fact they are betraying their principles."
>
> Paul Tully, SPUC's political manager, said that CES has only helped
> the bill to pass by pursuing the amendment. "SPUC condemns the action
> of the Catholic Education Service (CES) . . . The CES does not
> represent Catholic teaching on sex education, and its betrayal of
> Catholic families is widely lamented within the Catholic Church."
>
> Anthony Ozimic said, "Compromise and accommodation with this
> government will result, not in government concessions, but in
> increased persecution of those who stand up for life and family.
>
> "Catholics in particular have been placed in this grave situation by
> an unholy alliance, forged by the fake Catholic Tony Blair, between
> the English bishops and the Labour government. The spectre of
> totalitarianism, which was seen from Britain in Eastern Europe during
> the Cold War, has reappeared, this time in Britain itself."
>
> [1]
> http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/news/index.cfm?event=news.item&id=response_to_comments_by_the_accord_coalition_about_the_children_schools_and_families_bill
> [2] http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007/mar/07030504.html [3]
> http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/letters/article7036662.ece
> [4] http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2010/feb/10021203.html
>
> More at:
> http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2010/feb/10022306.html
>
>

A disturbing proposition but at least it will apply to Moslems as well.

== 8 of 8 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 11:10 pm
From: Greatest Mining Pioneer of Australia of all Times

a kind forward from another thread posting of mine
**********************************************************

Dear Mr Kanga,

I find that attitude of the said Bawdy Bhawke typical in a vicious &
unending teasing way of a Talmood mold infected brain.... would you
know if that stalking filth is a 1st day, 1st puberty circumcised*
by
any chance ?

*Note
Genetically modified organism (GMO) through the endocrine mutilation
of the genital intern aka Intersticial, consecutive to that alleged
innocent operation. The endocrine system being through my research the
immediate interface to the human genome, & any interference producing
in consequences of ignorant & imbeciles tempering with Human integrity
through circumcision the typical stereotyped features observed in the
then alien population generated by such sacrilege & criminal
practices : In Hindus, Jews, Islamists & particularly in Negroes...
whose specific features are obtained easily through mutilation of both
male & female children. These discoveries quite substantiated by
proper endocrine research & experiment_ although not available in
typical Universilities peddled ignorance, explain why so easily can
be cured Down syndrome children at the earliest stage of diagnosis, &
why the different stereotyped features can be noted in Hindus, Jews,
Islamists and of course Negroes due to the different periods of
growth, hence puberties & inter-puberties, in which such abominable
genetic manipulation are performed indeed. One of the most amazing
conclusion substantiated by collateral True Geology research,
demonstrates that the Negroes are in a fact of the White race people
as well, and that endocrine manipulation aim was to create some 5000
years ago approx & in Africa a race of slaves to work passively for
mining purpose, this at the time of the now Zimbabwe gold mine
exploitation.
Circumcision in my knowledge is the ultimate Genocide & Holocaust
performed on Humanity's divine right to intellectual & spiritual
perfection ! ...

Would you know if that poor condemned to Hell fire soul is not some
typical demented analyst, psychiatrist, psychologist of the Dr
Sigmad Fraud's intellectual slaves mob, by any chance ?
Terrible that all that important information you are disclosing to
the
world is missed most of the time through vicious off subject
tagging ! The bright side being though that such cesspool mind has
certainly not long to live...probably already entering agony hence
his
hysterical despaired & systematic actions. The last ambers of a dying
fire, I like to think !

Best regards

Sir Jean-Paul Turcaud
Australia Mining Pioneer
Discoverer & Legal Owner of Telfer Mine (Australia largest Copper &
Gold Mine)
Nifty (Cu) & Kintyre (U, Th) Mines, all in the Great Sandy Desert
Exploration Geologist & Offshore Consultant
Founder of the True Geology

~ Ignorance is the Cosmic Sin, the One Never Forgiven ~

for background info.
http://warrigalpress.com.au/grule.html
http://users.indigo.net.au/don/tel/index.html
http://users.indigo.net.au/don/tel/nac.html
http://members.iimetro.com.au/~hubbca/turcaud.htm
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/talks/bbing/stories/s28534.htm
"True Geology" Foundation Document
http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/69327
"Turcaud Bath" as a free gift to Suffering Humanity
http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/107947

==============================================================================
TOPIC: Jai Maharaj is a sad monkey
http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.movies.local.indian/t/4f0623dd6ffbc762?hl=en
==============================================================================

== 1 of 2 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 9:22 am
From: navanavonmilita

On Apr 9, 3:17 pm, SuryaArya <whited...@inbox.com> wrote:
> http://www.angelfire.com/oh/Monkeys2/images/NGMonkey.jpg

Not Required Indian, NRI: Sid Harth

Romani people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, see Romani. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani
Romani people
Rromane dźene
Romani flag proposed by the 1971 World Romani Congress

(left to right):

Grigoraş Dinicu, Drafi Deutscher, Charles Chaplin, Isabel Pantoja,
Ricardo Quaresma, Ceija Stojka, Džej Ramadanovski, Irini Merkouri

Total population

Up to 5 million in the world[1]
or
6-11 million in the world[2]

See Romani people by country for the entire list of countries and
other estimations.
The following list uses official data, the unofficial estmation might
differ substantially.

Regions with significant populations

Spain 650,000
(1.62%) [3]
Romania 535,140
(2.46%) [4]
Turkey 500,000
(0.72%) [5]
France 500,000
(0.79%) [6]
Bulgaria 370,908
(4.67%) [7]
Hungary 205,720
(2.02%) [8]
Greece 200,000
(1.82%) [9]
Russia 182,766
(0.13%) [10]
Italy 130,000
(0.22%) [11]
Serbia 108,193
(1.44%) [12]
Slovakia 89,920
(1.71%) [13]
Germany 70,000
(0.09%) [14]
R. Macedonia 53,879
(2.85%) [15]

Languages

Romani, languages of native region

Religion

Christianity
(Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Protestantism),
Islam,
Shaktism[16]

Related ethnic groups

Dom people, Lom people, other Indo-Aryans

The Romani (also Romany, Romanies, Romanis, Roma or Roms; exonym:
Gypsies; Romani: Romane or Rromane, depending on the dialect) are an
ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to
medieval India.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_kingdoms_of_India

The Romani are widely dispersed with their largest concentrated
populations in Europe, especially the Roma of Central and Eastern
Europe and Anatolia, followed by the Iberian Kale in Southwestern
Europe and Southern France, with more recent diaspora populations in
the Americas and, to a lesser extent, in other parts of the world.

Their Romani language is divided into several dialects, which add up
to an estimated number of speakers larger than two million.[17] The
total number of Romani people is at least twice as large (several
times as large according to high estimates), and many Romani are
native speakers of the language current in their country of residence,
or of mixed languages combining the two.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language

Terminology

Main article: Names of the Romani people
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_the_Romani_people

Distribution of the Romanies in Europe based on self-designation.Rom,
Romani
Romani usage

In the Romani language, rom is a masculine noun, meaning "man,
husband", with the plural roma. Romani is the feminine adjective,
while romano is the masculine adjective. Some Romanies use Rom / Roma
as an ethnic name, while others (such as the Sinti, or the Romanichal)
do not use this term as a self-ascription for the entire ethnic group.
[18]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinti

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanichal

Sometimes, rom and romani are spelled with a double r, i.e., rrom and
rromani. In this case rr is used to represent the phoneme /ʀ/ (also
written as ř and rh), which in some Romani dialects has remained
different from the one written with a single r. The rr spelling is
common particularly in Romania, in order to distinguish from the
endonym for Romanians (sg. român, pl. români).[19]

English usage

In the English language (according to OED), Rom is a noun (with the
plural Roma or Roms) and an adjective, while Romani (Romany) is also a
noun (with the plural Romanies or Romanis) and an adjective. Both Rom
and Romani have been in use in English since the 19th century as an
alternative for Gypsy. Romani was initially spelled Rommany, then
Romany, while today the Romani spelling is the most popular spelling.
Occasionally, the double r spelling (e.g., Rroma, Rromani) mentioned
above is also encountered in English texts.

Although Roma is used as a designation for the branch of the Romani
people with historic concentrations in Eastern Europe and the Balkans,
it is increasingly encountered during recent decades[20][21] as a
generic term for the Romani people as a whole.[22]

Because all Romanies use the word Romani as an adjective, the term
began to be used as a noun for the entire ethnic group.[23]

Today, the term Romani is used by most organizations—including the
United Nations, the Council of Europe, and the US Library of Congress.
[19]

The standard assumption is that the demonyms of the Romani people, Lom
and Dom share the same origin.[24][25]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lom_people

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_people

Gypsy

Further information: Gypsy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsy

The English term Gypsy (or Gipsy) originates from the Greek word
Αιγύπτοι (Aigyptoi, whence modern Greek γύφτοι gifti), in the
erroneous belief that the Romanies originated in Egypt, and were
exiled as punishment for allegedly harboring the infant Jesus.[26]
This exonym is sometimes written with capital letter, to show that it
designates an ethnic group.[27]

As described in Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the
medieval French referred to the Romanies as egyptiens. The term has
come to bear pejorative connotations. The word "Gypsy" in English has
become so pervasive that many Romani organizations use it in their own
organizational names.

In North America, the word "Gypsy" is commonly used as a reference to
lifestyle[citation needed] or fashion, and not to the Romani
ethnicity. The Spanish term gitano and the French term gitan may have
the same origin[clarification needed].[28]

Population and subgroups

Main article: Romani populations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_populations

Distribution of the Romani people in Europe (2007 Council of Europe
"average estimates", totalling 9.8 million)[29]

* The size of the wheel symbols reflects absolute population size
* The gradient reflects the percent in the country's population:
0% 10%.Many Romanies for a variety of
reasons choose not to register their ethnic identity in official
censuses. There are an estimated four million Romani people in Europe
and Asia Minor (as of 2002),[30] although some high estimates by
Romani organizations give numbers as high as 14 million.[31]
Significant Romani populations are found in the Balkan peninsula, in
some Central European states, in Spain, France, Russia, and Ukraine.
Several more million Romanies may live out of Europe, in particular in
the Middle East and in the Americas.

The Romani people recognize divisions among themselves based in part
on territorial, cultural and dialectal differences and self-
designation. The main branches are:[32][33][34][35]

Roma, crystallized in Eastern Europe and Central Italy, emigrated also
(mostly from the 19th century onwards), in the rest of Europe, but
also on the other continents;
Iberian Kale, mostly in Spain (see Romani people in Spain), but also
in Portugal, Southern France and Latin America;
Finnish Kale, in Finland, emigrated also in Sweden;
Welsh Kale, in Wales;
Romanichal, in the United Kingdom, emigrated also to the United States
and Australia;
Sinti, in German-speaking areas of Central Europe and some neighboring
countries;
Manush, in French-speaking areas of Central Europe;
Romanisæl, in Sweden and Norway.

Among Romanies there are further internal differentiations, like
Bashaldé; Churari; Luri; Ungaritza; Lovari (Lovara) from Hungary;
Machvaya (Machavaya, Machwaya, or Macwaia) from Serbia; Romungro
(Modyar or Modgar) from Hungary and neighbouring carpathian countries;
Erlides (also Yerlii or Arli); Xoraxai (Horahane) from Greece/Turkey;
Boyash (Lingurari, Ludar, Ludari, Rudari, or Zlătari) from Romanian
words for various crafts: (Lingurari - spoon makers, Rudari - wood
crafters; Zlătari - goldsmiths); Ursari from Romanian/Moldovan bear-
trainers; Argintari from silversmiths; Aurari from goldsmiths; Florari
from florists; and Lăutari from musicians.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luri

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovari_(Roma)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlax_Romani

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machvaya

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romungro

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xoraxai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyash

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursari

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silversmith

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldsmith

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florist

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%83utari

History

Main article: History of the Romani people
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Romani_people

This section requires expansion.

Origins

Main article: Origin of the Romani people
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_Romani_people#Origin

Linguistic and genetic evidence indicates the Romanies originated from
the Indian subcontinent, emigrating from India towards the northwest
no earlier than the 11th century. The Romani are generally believed to
have originated in central India, possibly in the modern Indian state
of Rajasthan, migrating to northwest India (the Punjab region) around
250 B.C. In the centuries spent here, there may have been close
interaction with such established groups as the Rajputs and the Jats.
Their subsequent westward migration, possibly in waves, is believed to
have occurred between 500 A.D. and 1000 A.D. Contemporary populations
sometimes suggested as sharing a close relationship to the Romani are
the Dom people of Central Asia and the Banjara of India.[36]

The emigration from India likely took place in the context of the
raids by Mahmud of Ghazni[37] As these soldiers were defeated, they
were moved west with their families into the Byzantine Empire. The
11th century terminus post quem is due to the Romani language showing
unambiguous features of the Modern Indo-Aryan languages,[38]
precluding an emigration during the Middle Indic period.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab_region

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jats

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_people

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Asia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjara

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Indo-Aryan#Modern_dialect_continuum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Indic

Genetic evidence supports the medieval migration from India. The
Romanies have been described as "a conglomerate of genetically
isolated founder populations",[39] while a number of common Mendelian
disorders among Romanies from all over Europe indicates "a common
origin and founder effect".[39][40] A study from 2001 by Gresham et
al. suggests "a limited number of related founders, compatible with a
small group of migrants splitting from a distinct caste or tribal
group".[41] The same study found that "a single lineage ... found
across Romani populations, accounts for almost one-third of Romani
males."[41] A 2004 study by Morar et al. concluded that the Romani
population "was founded approximately 32–40 generations ago, with
secondary and tertiary founder events occurring approximately 16–25
generations ago".[42]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mendelian_traits_in_humans

Possible connection with the Jat people

While the South Asian origin of the Romani people has been long
considered a certitude, the exact South Asian group from whom the
Romanies have descended has been a matter of debate. The recent
discovery of the "Jat mutation" that causes a type of glaucoma in
Romani populations suggests that the Romani people are the descendants
of the Jat people found in Northern India and Pakistan.[43]

This contradicted an earlier study that compared the most common
haplotypes found in Romani groups with those found in Jatt Sikhs and
Jats from Haryana and found no matches.[44] The haplogroup H, which is
the most common haplogroup in Romanis is far more prevalent in central
India and south India than it is in northern India, where haplogroup
R1a lineages makes up at least half of male ancestries, and haplogroup
H is rare.

Appearance in Europe

The migration of the Romanies through the Middle East and Northern
Africa to Europe
First arrival of the Romanies outside Berne in the 15th century,
described by the chronicler as getoufte heiden ("baptized heathens")
and drawn with dark skin and wearing Saracen-style clothing and
weapons (Spiezer Schilling, p. 749).
An 1852 Wallachian poster advertising an auction of Romani slaves in
Bucharest.In 1322 CE a Franciscan monk named Symon Semeonis described
people resembling these "atsinganoi" living in Crete and in 1350 CE
Ludolphus of Sudheim mentioned a similar people with a unique language
whom he called Mandapolos, a word which some theorize was possibly
derived from the Greek word mantes (meaning prophet or fortune teller).
[45]

Around 1360, an independent Romani fiefdom (called the Feudum
Acinganorum) was established in Corfu and became "a settled community
and an important and established part of the economy."[46]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symon_Semeonis

By the 14th century, the Romanies had reached the Balkans; by 1424 CE,
Germany; and by the 16th century, Scotland and Sweden. Some Romanies
migrated from Persia through North Africa, reaching the Iberian
Peninsula in the 15th century. The two currents met in France.
Romanies began immigrating to the United States in colonial times,
with small groups in Virginia and French Louisiana. Larger-scale
immigration began in the 1860s, with groups of Romnaichal from
Britain. The largest number immigrated in the early 1900s, mainly from
the Vlax group of Kalderash. Many Romanies also settled in South
America.

When the Romani people arrived in Europe, curiosity was soon followed
by hostility and xenophobia. Romanies were enslaved for five centuries
in Wallachia and Moldavia until abolition in 1856.[47] Elsewhere in
Europe, they were subject to ethnic cleansing, abduction of their
children, and forced labor. In England, there were hangings and
expulsions of the Romani; in France, branding and the shaving of
heads; in Moravia and Bohemia severing of ears of women. As a result,
large groups of the Romani travelled back East, towards Poland, which
was more tolerant, and Russia, where the Romani were also treated less
heavy-handedly, as long as they paid the annual taxes.[48]

Sinti and Roma about to be deported in Germany, May 22, 1940World War
II

Main article: Porajmos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porajmos

During World War II, the Nazis embarked on systematic attempt at
genocide of the Romanies, known as the Porajmos.[49] They were marked
for extermination and sentenced to forced labor and imprisonment in
concentration camps. They were often killed on sight, especially by
the Einsatzgruppen (essentially mobile killing units) on the Eastern
Front. The total number of victims has been variously estimated at
between 220,000 to 1,500,000; even the lowest number would count as
one of the largest mass murders in history.

Post-1945

In Communist Eastern Europe, Romanies experienced assimilation schemes
and restrictions of cultural freedom.[citation needed] The Romani
language and Romani music were banned from public performance in
Bulgaria.[dubious – discuss] In Czechoslovakia, they were labeled a
"socially degraded stratum,"[citation needed] and Romani women were
sterilized as part of a state policy to reduce their population. This
policy was implemented with large financial incentives, threats of
denying future welfare payments, with misinformation, or after
administering drugs (Silverman 1995; Helsinki Watch 1991). An official
inquiry from the Czech Republic, resulting in a report (December
2005), concluded that the Communist authorities had practiced an
assimilation policy towards Romanies, which "included efforts by
social services to control the birth rate in the Romani community" and
that "the problem of sexual sterilization carried out in the Czech
Republic, either with improper motivation or illegally, exists"[50]
with new revealed cases up until 2004, in both the Czech Republic and
Slovakia.[51]

Society and culture

Main article: Romani society and culture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_society_and_culture

A Gipsy Family - Facsimile of a woodcut in the "Cosmographie
Universelle" of Munster: in folio, Basle, 1552.The traditional
Romanies place a high value on the extended family. Virginity is
essential in unmarried women. Both men and women often marry young;
there has been controversy in several countries over the Romani
practice of child marriage. Romani law establishes that the man's
family must pay a bride price to the bride's parents, but only
traditional families still follow this rule.

Once married, the woman joins the husband's family, where her main job
is to tend to her husband's and her children's needs, as well as to
take care of her in-laws. The power structure in the traditional
Romani household has at its top the oldest man or grandfather, and men
in general have more authority than women. Women gain respect and
authority as they get older. Young wives begin gaining authority once
they have children.

Romani social behavior is strictly regulated by Hindu purity laws
("marime" or "marhime"), still respected by most Roma (and by most
older generations of Sinti). This regulation affects many aspects of
life, and is applied to actions, people and things: parts of the human
body are considered impure: the genital organs (because they produce
emissions), as well as the rest of the lower body. Fingernails and
toenails must be filed with an emery board, as cutting them with a
clipper is a taboo. Clothes for the lower body, as well as the clothes
of menstruating women, are washed separately. Items used for eating
are also washed in a different place. Childbirth is considered impure,
and must occur outside the dwelling place. The mother is considered
impure for forty days after giving birth. Death is considered impure,
and affects the whole family of the dead, who remain impure for a
period of time. In contrast to the practice of cremating the dead,
Romani dead must be buried.[52] Cremation and burial are both known
from the time of the Rigveda, and both are widely practiced in
Hinduism today (although the tendency for higher caste groups is to
burn, while lower caste groups in South India tend to bury their dead).
[53] Some animals are also considered impure, for instance cats
because they lick themselves.[54]

Religion

Muslim Romanies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (around 1900)Migrant Romani
populations have adopted the dominant religion of their country of
residence, while often preserving aspects of older belief systems and
forms of worship. Most Eastern European Romanies are Roman Catholic or
Orthodox Christian or Muslim. Those in western Europe and the United
States are mostly Roman Catholic or Protestant. In Turkey, Egypt, and
the Balkans, the Romanies are split into Christian and Muslim
populations.

Music

Main article: Romani music
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_music

Young Hungarian Romani performing a traditional danceRomani music
plays an important role in Eastern European countries such as Croatia,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, the Republic of
Macedonia, Albania, Hungary, and Romania, and the style and
performance practices of Romani musicians have influenced European
classical composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms. The
lăutari who perform at traditional Romanian weddings are virtually all
Romani. Probably the most internationally prominent contemporary
performers in the lăutari tradition are Taraful Haiducilor. Bulgaria's
popular "wedding music", too, is almost exclusively performed by
Romani musicians such as Ivo Papasov, a virtuoso clarinetist closely
associated with this genre and Bulgarian pop-folk singer Azis. Many
famous classical musicians, such as the Hungarian pianist Georges
Cziffra, are Romani, as are many prominent performers of manele. Zdob
şi Zdub, one of the most prominent rock bands in Moldova, although not
Romanies themselves, draw heavily on Romani music, as do Spitalul de
Urgenţă in Romania, Goran Bregović in Serbia, Darko Rundek in Croatia,
Beirut and Gogol Bordello in the United States.

Another tradition of Romani music is the genre of the Romani brass
band, with such notable practitioners as Boban Marković of Serbia, and
the brass lăutari groups Fanfare Ciocărlia and Fanfare din Cozmesti of
Romania.

The distinctive sound of Romani music has also strongly influenced
bolero, jazz, and flamenco (especially cante jondo) in Europe.
European-style Gypsy jazz ("jazz Manouche" or "Sinti jazz") is still
widely practiced among the original creators (the Romanie People); one
who acknowledged this artistic debt was guitarist Django Reinhardt.
Contemporary artists in this tradition known internationally include
Stochelo Rosenberg, Biréli Lagrène, Jimmy Rosenberg, and Tchavolo
Schmitt.

The Romanies of Turkey have achieved musical acclaim from national and
local audiences. Local performers usually perform for special
holidays. Their music is usually performed on instruments such as the
darbuka and gırnata. A number of nationwide best seller performers are
said to be of Romani origin.[citation needed]

Language

Main article: Romani language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language

Most Romanies speak one of several dialects of Romani,[55][not in
citation given] an Indo-Aryan language. They also will often speak the
languages of the countries they live in. Typically, they also
incorporate loanwords and calques into Romani from the languages of
those countries, especially words for terms that the Romani language
does not have. Most of the Ciganos of Portugal, the Gitanos of Spain,
the Romanichal of the UK, and Scandinavian Travellers have lost their
knowledge of pure Romani, and respectively speak the mixed languages
Caló,[56] Angloromany, and Scandoromani.

There are independent groups currently working toward standardizing
the language, including groups in Romania, Serbia, Montenegro, the
USA, and Sweden. Romani is not currently spoken in India.[citation
needed]

Persecutions

Main article: Antiziganism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiziganism

Historical persecution

The first and one of the most enduring persecutions against the Romani
people was the enslaving of the Romanies who arrived on the territory
of the historical Romanian states of Wallachia and Moldavia, which
lasted from the 14th century until the second half of the 19th
century. Legislation decreed that all the Romanies living in these
states, as well as any others who would immigrate there, were slaves.
[57]

The arrival of some branches of the Romani people in Western Europe in
the 15th century was precipitated by the Ottoman conquest of the
Balkans. Although the Romanies themselves were refugees from the
conflicts in southeastern Europe, they were mistaken by the local
population in the West, because of their foreign appearance, as part
of the Ottoman invasion (the German Reichstags at Landau and Freiburg
in 1496-1498 declared the Romanies as spies of the Turks). In Western
Europe, this resulted in a violent history of persecution and attempts
of ethnic cleansing until the modern era. As time passed, other
accusations were added against local Romanies (accusations specific to
this area, against non-assimilated minorities), like that of bringing
the plague, usually sharing their burden together with the local Jews.
[58]

One example of official persecution of the Romani is exemplified by
the The Great Roundup of Spanish Romanies (Gitanos) in 1749. The
Spanish monarchy ordered a nationwide raid that led to separation of
families and placement of all able-bodied men into forced labor camps.

Later in the 19th century, Romani immigration was forbidden on a
racial basis in areas outside Europe, mostly in the English speaking
world (in 1885 the United States outlawed the entry of the Roma) and
also in some South American countries (in 1880 Argentina adopted a
similar policy).[58]

Holocaust

Main article: Porajmos
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porajmos

Romani arrivals at the Belzec death camp await instructions.The
persecution of the Romanies reached a peak during World War II in the
Porajmos, the genocide perpetrated by the Nazis during the Holocaust.
In 1935, the Nuremberg laws stripped the Romani people living in Nazi
Germany of their citizenship, after which they were subjected to
violence, imprisonment in concentration camps and later genocide in
extermination camps. The policy was extended in areas occupied by the
Nazis during the war, and it was also applied by their allies, notably
the Independent State of Croatia, Romania and Hungary.

Because no accurate pre-war census figures exist for the Romanis, it
is impossible to accurately assess the actual number of victims. Ian
Hancock, director of the Program of Romani Studies at The University
of Texas at Austin, proposes a figure of up to a million and a half,
while an estimate of between 220,000 and 500,000 was made by Sybil
Milton, formerly senior historian of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial
Museum.[59] In Central Europe, the extermination in the Protectorate
of Bohemia and Moravia was so thorough that the Bohemian Romani
language became extinct.[citation needed]

Forced assimilation

In the Habsburg Monarchy under Maria Theresia (1740–1780), a series of
decrees tried to force the Romanies to sedentarize, removed rights to
horse and wagon ownership (1754), renamed them as "New Citizens" and
forced Romani boys into military service if they had no trade (1761),
forced them to register with the local authorities (1767), and
prohibited marriage between Romanies (1773). Her successor Josef II
prohibited the wearing of traditional Romani clothing and the use of
the Romani language, punishable by flogging.[60]

In Spain, attempts to assimilate the Gitanos were under way as early
as 1619, when Gitanos were forcibly sedentarized, the use of the
Romani language was prohibited, Gitano men and women were sent to
separate workhouses and their children sent to orphanages. Similar
prohibitions took place in 1783 under King Charles III, who prohibited
the nomadic lifestyle, the use of the Calo language, Romani clothing,
their trade in horses and other itinerant trades. The use of the word
gitano was also forbidden to further assimilation. Ultimately these
measures failed, as the rest of the population rejected the
integration of the Gitanos.[60][61]

Other examples of forced assimilation include Norway, where a law was
passed in 1896 permitting the state to remove children from their
parents and place them in state institutions.[62] This resulted in
some 1,500 Romani children being taken from their parents in the 20th
century.[63]

Contemporary issues

Main article: Modern Antiziganism

Amnesty International reports continued instances of Antizigan
discrimination during the 2000s, particularly in Bulgaria, Romania,
Slovakia,[64] Hungary,[65] Slovenia,[66] and Kosovo.[67]

Czechoslovakia carried out a policy of sterilization of Romani women,
starting in 1973.[68] The dissidents of the Charter 77 denounced it in
1977-78 as a "genocide", but the practice continued through the Velvet
Revolution of 1989.[69] A 2005 report by the Czech government's
independent ombudsman, Otakar Motejl, identified dozens of cases of
coercive sterilization between 1979 and 2001, and called for criminal
investigations and possible prosecution against several health care
workers and administrators.[70]

In 2008, the Italian government declared that Italy's Romani
population represented a national security risk and that swift action
was required to address the emergenza nomadi (gypsy emergency)[71]
Specifically officials in the Italian government accused the Romanies
of being responsible for rising crime rates in urban areas. Mario
Marazziti, spokesperson of the Community of Sant'Egidio human rights
organization said "There is no national emergency ... What is an
emergency is that in the 21st century the life expectancy of a gypsy
living in Italy is under 60 years of age."[72]

Fictional representations

Main article: Fictional representations of Romani people
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictional_representations_of_Romani_people

Vincent van Gogh: The Caravans - Gypsy Camp near Arles (1888, Oil on
canvas)Many fictional depictions of the Romani in literature and art
present Romanticized narratives of their supposed mystical powers of
fortune telling, and their supposed irascible or passionate temper
paired with an indomitable love of freedom and a habit of criminality.
Particularly notable are classics like Carmen by Prosper Mérimée and
adapted by Georges Bizet, Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame
and Miguel de Cervantes' La Gitanilla. The Romani were also heavily
romanticized in the Soviet Union, a classic example being the 1975
Tabor ukhodit v Nebo. A more realistic depiction of contemporary
Romani in the Balkans, featuring Romani lay actors speaking in their
native dialects, although still playing with established clichés of a
Romani penchant for both magic and crime, was presented by Emir
Kusturica in his Time of the Gypsies (1988) and Black Cat, White Cat
(1998).

In contemporary literature

The Romani ethnicity is often used for characters in contemporary
fantasy literature. In such literature, the Romani are often portrayed
as possessing archaic occult knowledge passed down through the ages.
This frequent use of the ethnicity has given rise to Gypsy archetypes
in popular contemporary literature. One example of such a use is the
character Jilly Coppercorn in the seminal urban fantasy novel Dreams
Under Foot by Charles de Lint.

See also

References

Notes

^ According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, estimates of the total world
Romani population range from two million to five million.[1]
^ Ian Hancock's 1987 estimate for "all Gypsies in the world" was 6 to
11 million [2].
^ [3] The Spanish government estimates the number of Gitanos at a
maximum of 650,000
^ [4] Census 2001 in Romania: 535,140 Roma
^ [5] There are officially about 500,000 Roma in Turkey.
^ [6] The Romani population in France is officially estimated at
around 500,000
^ [7] Census 2001 in Bulgaria: 370,908 Roma
^ [8] Census 2001 in Hungary: 205,720 Roma/Bea
^ [9] The Romani population in Greece is officially estimated at
200,000
^ [10] Census 2002 in Russia: 182,766 Roma
^ Demographics_of_Italy#Languages Estimated by Ministero degli Interni
del Governo Italiano.
^ [11] Census 2002 in Serbia: 108,193 Romanies
^ [12] Census 2001 in Slovakia: 89,920 Roma
^ [13] 70,000 Roma/Sinti estimated by the German Ministry of Internal
Affairs
^ [14] The 2002-census reported 53,879 Roma and 3,843 "Egyptians"
^ Gall, Timothy L. (ed). Worldmark Encyclopedia of Culture & Daily
Life: Vol. 4 - Europe. Cleveland, OH: Eastword Publications
Development (1998); pg. 316, 318 : "Religion: An underlay of Hinduism
with an overlay of either Christianity or Islam (host country
religion) "; "Roma religious beliefs are rooted in Hinduism. Roma
believe in a universal balance, called kuntari... Despite a 1,000-year
separation from India, Roma still practice shaktism, the worship of a
god through his female consort... ""
^ Matras, Yaron (2002). Romani: a linguistic introduction. Cambridge
University Press. pp. 239. ISBN 9780521631655.
http://books.google.com/books?id=D4IIi0Ha3V4C&pg=PA238&dq=number+speakers+of+Romani.
Retrieved 2009-07-16.
^ We Are the Romani People, Pg XIX,
http://books.google.ro/books?id=MG0ahVw-kdwC&pg=PP1&ots=PiPKTLplWa&sig=Ly3TAfbjs6FqhS7h0e1Yz44qaIk&hl=ro&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPR19,M1,
retrieved 2008-07-31
^ a b We Are the Romani People, Pg XXI,
http://books.google.ro/books?id=MG0ahVw-kdwC&pg=PP1&ots=PiPKTLplWa&sig=Ly3TAfbjs6FqhS7h0e1Yz44qaIk&hl=ro&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPR21,M1,
retrieved 2008-07-31
^ p. 52 in Elena Marushiakova and Vesselin Popov's "Historical and
ethnographic background; Gypsies, Roma, Sinti" in Will Guy [ed.]
Between Past and Future: The Roma of Central and Eastern Europe [with
a Foreword by Dr. Ian Hancock], 2001, UK: University of Hertfordshire
Press
^ p. 13 in Illona Klimova-Alexander's The Romani Voice in World
Politics: The United Nations and Non-State Actors (2005, Burlington,
VT.: Ashgate
^ Rothéa, Xavier. "Les Roms, une nation sans territoire?" (in
French).
http://www.theyliewedie.org/ressources/biblio/fr/Rothea_Xavier_-_Les_roms.html.
Retrieved 2008-07-31.
^ We Are the Romani People, Pg XX,
http://books.google.ro/books?id=MG0ahVw-kdwC&pg=PP1&ots=PiPKTLplWa&sig=Ly3TAfbjs6FqhS7h0e1Yz44qaIk&hl=ro&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPR20,M1,
retrieved 2008-07-31
^ The Institute for Middle East Understanding
^ Online Etymology Dictionary - Douglas Harper
^ Fraser 1992.
^ Hancock, Ian (1995). A Handbook of Vlax Romani. Slavica Publishers.
p. 17.
^ "gitan" (in French). Dictionnaire de l'Académie française.
http://www.academie-francaise.fr/dictionnaire/. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
"Nom donné aux bohémiens d'Espagne ; par ext., synonyme de Bohémien,
Tzigane. Adjt. Une robe gitane."
^ Council of Europe website, European Roma and Travellers Forum
(ERTF)
^ 3.8 million according to Pan and Pfeil, National Minotiries in
Europe (2004), ISBN 978-3700314431, p. 27f.
^ Council of Europe compilation of population estimates
^ Hancock, Ian, 2001, Ame sam e rromane džene / We are the Romani
People, The Open Society Institute, New York, page 2
^ Matras, Yaron, Romani: A linguistic introduction, Cambridge
University Press, 2002, page 5
^ "Names of the Romani People",
http://desicritics.org/2007/12/24/012125.php, retrieved 2009-01-30
^ N.Bessonov, N.Demeter "Ethnic groups of Gypsies"
^ Hancock, Ian. Ame Sam e Rromane Džene/We are the Romani people. p.
13. ISBN 1902806190.
^ Hancock, Ian F.; Dowd, Siobhan; Djurić, Rajko (2004). The roads of
the Roma: a PEN anthology of gypsy writers.. Hatfield, United Kingdom:
University of Hertforshire Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 0900458909.
^ ""Romani"". Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford:
Elsevier.
http://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/downloads/2/Matras_Rmni_ELL.pdf.
Retrieved 30 August 2009.
^ a b Kalaydjieva, Luba (2001). "Genetic studies of the Roma
(Gypsies): A review". BMC Medical Genetics 2: 5. doi:
10.1186/1471-2350-2-5. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/2/5.
Retrieved 2008-06-16.
^ "Figure 4". Biomedcentral.com. doi:10.1186/1471-2350-2-5.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/2/5/figure/F4. Retrieved
2009-05-06.
^ a b Origins and Divergence of the Roma (Gypsies), PMID 11704928,
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1235543,
retrieved 2008-06-16
^ Mutation history of the Roma-Gypsies, http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:15322984,
retrieved 2008-06-16
^ Jatt mutation found in Romani populations
^ Searching for the origin of Romanies http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18768723
^ Linda Anfuso (1994-02-24). "[at tinhat.stonemarche.org gypsies]".
rec.org.sca. (Web link). Retrieved on 2007-08-26.
^ "A Chronology of significant dates in Romani history". Archived from
the original on 2004-12-04.
http://web.archive.org/web/20041204203106/radoc.net/chronology.html.
^ Hancock, Ian, 2001, Ame sam e rromane džene / We are the Romani
People, The Open Society Institute, New York, page 25
^ On the road: Centuries of Roma history, Delia Radu, BBC World
Service, 8 July 2009
^ ROMANIES AND THE HOLOCAUST: A REEVALUATION AND AN OVERVIEW
^ Denysenko, Marina (2007-03-12). "Sterilised Roma accuse Czechs". BBC
News.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6409699.stm.
^ Thomas, Jeffrey (2006-08-16). "Coercive Sterilization of Romani
Women Examined at Hearing: New report focuses on Czech Republic and
Slovakia". Washington File. Bureau of International Information
Programs, U.S. Department of State.
http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2006&m=August&x=200608171045451CJsamohT0.678158.
^ "Romani Customs and Traditions: Death Rituals and Customs". Patrin
Web Journal.
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/5121/death.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
[dead link]
^ David M. Knipe. "The Journey of a Lifebody".
http://www.hindugateway.com/library/rituals/. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
^ Hancock, Ian, 2001, Ame sam e rromane džene / We are the Romani
People, The Open Society Institute, New York, page 81
^ Dieter W. Halwachs. "Speakers and Numbers (distribution of Romani-
speaking Romani population by country)" (PDF). Rombase.
http://romani.uni-graz.at/rombase/cd/data/lang/gen/data/numbers.en.pdf.
^ Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed (2005). "Caló: A language of Spain".
Ethnologue: Languages of the World (15th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL
International. ISBN 9781556711596.
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rmr.
^ Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ and Mariana Sandu (2005) (in Romanian).
Istoria şi tradiţiile minorităţii rromani. Bucharest: Sigma. p. 36.
^ a b "Timeline of Romani History". Patrin Web Journal.
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/5121/timeline.htm. Retrieved
2007-08-26. [dead link]
^ Most estimates for numbers of Romani victims of the Holocaust fall
between 200,000 and 500,000, although figures ranging between 90,000
and 4 million have been proposed. Lower estimates do not include those
killed in all Axis-controlled countries. A detailed study by Sybil
Milton, formerly senior historian at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum
gave a figure of at least a minimum of 220,000, probably higher,
possibly closer to 500,000 (cited in Re. Holocaust Victim Assets
Litigation (Swiss Banks) Special Master's Proposals, September 11,
2000). Ian Hancock, Director of the Program of Romani Studies and the
Romani Archives and Documentation Center at the University of Texas at
Austin, argues in favour of a higher figure of between 500,000 and
1,500,000 in his 2004 article, Romanies and the Holocaust: A
Reevaluation and an Overview as published in Stone, D. (ed.) (2004)
The Historiography of the Holocaust. Palgrave, Basingstoke and New
York.
^ a b Samer, Helmut (December 2001). "Maria Theresia and Joseph II:
Policies of Assimilation in the Age of Enlightened Absolutism.".
Rombase. Karl-Franzens-Universitaet Graz.
http://romani.uni-graz.at/rombase/cgi-bin/art.cgi?src=data/hist/modern/maria.en.xml.
^ "Gitanos. History and Cultural Relations.". World Culture
Encyclopedia.
http://www.everyculture.com/Europe/Gitanos-History-and-Cultural-Relations.html.
Retrieved 2007-08-26.
^ "Roma (Gypsies) in Norway".
http://www.geocities.com/~Patrin/norway.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
[dead link]
^ "The Church of Norway and the Roma of Norway". World Council of
Churches. 2002-09-03.
http://www2.wcc-coe.org/ccdocuments.nsf/index/plen-4.4-en.html.
^ "Amnesty International". Web.amnesty.org. 2009-04-20.
http://web.amnesty.org/wire/February2002/Europe_Roma. Retrieved
2009-05-06.
^ Woodard, Colin (2008-02-13). "Hungary's anti-Roma militia grows |
csmonitor.com". csmonitor.com<!.
http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0213/p07s02-woeu.html. Retrieved
2009-05-06.
^ "roma | Human Rights Press Point". Humanrightspoint.si.
http://www.humanrightspoint.si/node/12. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
^ Gesellschaft fuer bedrohte Voelker - Society for Threatened Peoples.
"Roma and Ashkali in Kosovo: Persecuted, driven out, poisoned".
Gfbv.de.
http://www.gfbv.de/inhaltsDok.php?id=612. Retrieved 2009-05-06.
^ Sterilised Roma accuse Czechs, BBC, 12 March 2007 (English)
^ For Gypsies, Eugenics is a Modern Problem - Czech Practice Dates to
Soviet Era, Newsdesk, June 12, 2006 (English)
^ http://www.ochrance.cz/en/dokumenty/dokument.php?doc=400
^ "Italy's new ghetto?". The Guardian. March 30, 2009.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/mar/30/roma-italy.
^ Italy assailed over plan to fingerprint Gypsies | International
Herald Tribune

Bibliography

Viorel Achim (2004). "The Roma in Romanian History." Budapest: Central
European University Press. ISBN 963-9241-84-9.
Auzias, Claire. Les funambules de l'histoire. Baye: Éditions la
Digitale, 2002.
De Soto, Hermine. Roma and Egyptians in Albania: From Social Exclusion
to Social Inclusion. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank Publications,
2005.
Fonseca, Isabel. Bury me standing: the Gypsies and their journey. New
York: A.A. Knopf, 1995.
Fraser, Angus The Gypsies : Blackwell Publishers, Oxford UK, 1992 ISBN
0-631-15967-3.
Genner, Michael. Spartakus, 2 vols. Munich: Trikont, 1979-80.
"Germany Reaches Deal to Deport Thousands of Gypsies to Romania,"
Migration World Magazine, Nov-December 1992.
Gray, RD; Atkinson, QD (2003). "Language-tree divergence times support
the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin." Nature.
Gresham, D; et al. (2001). "Origins and divergence of the Roma
(Gypsies)." American Journal of Human Genetics. 69(6), 1314-1331.
[15]
Hackl, Erich. (1991). Farewell Sidonia, New York: Fromm International
Pub. ISBN 0-88064-124-X. (Translated from the German, Abschied von
Sidonie 1989)
Helsinki Watch. Struggling for Ethnic Identity: Czechoslovakia's
Endangered Gypsies. New York, 1991.
Leland, Charles G. The English Gipsies and Their Language. London:
Trübner & Co., 1873.
Lemon, Alaina (2000). Between Two Fires: Gypsy Performance and Romani
Memory from Pushkin to Post-Socialism. Durham: Duke University Press.
ISBN 0-8223-2456-3
Luba Kalaydjieva; et al. (2001). "Patterns of inter- and intra-group
genetic diversity in the Vlax Roma as revealed by Y chromosome and
mitochondrial DNA lineages." European Journal of Human Genetics. 9,
97-104. [16]
Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin. (2001) "Gypsies in the Ottoman
Empire." Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.
Matras, Yaron (2002). Romani: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge:
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McDowell, Bart (1970). "Gypsies, Wanderers of the World". National
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"Gypsies, The World's Outsiders." National Geographic, April 2001,
72-101.
Ringold, Dena. Roma & the Transition in Central & Eastern Europe:
Trends & Challenges. Washington, DC, USA: World Bank, 2000. pg. 3,5, &
7.
Roberts, Samuel. The Gypsies: Their Origin, Continuance, and
Destination. London: Longman, 4th edition, 1842.
Silverman, Carol. "Persecution and Politicization: Roma (Gypsies) of
Eastern Europe." Cultural Survival Quarterly, Summer 1995.
Simson, Walter. History of the Gipsies. London: S. Low, 1865.
Tebbutt, Susan (Ed., 1998) Sinti and Roma in German-speaking Society
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Turner, Ralph L. (1926) The Position of Romani in Indo-Aryan. In:
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Danish Broadcasting Corporation A page in Danish about Romani
treatment in Denmark

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Roma people

European Parliament resolution on the situation of the Roma in the
European Union - April 28, 2005
Final report on the human rights situation of the Roma, Sinti and
travellers in Europe by the European Commissioner for Human Rights
(Council of Europe) - February 15, 2006
Non-governmental organisations
European Roma Rights Centre - European Romani NGO
Roma Rights Network - Romani INGO
Museums and libraries
Museum of Romani Culture in Brno, Czech Republic (in Czech)[17]
Specialized Library with Archive "Studii Romani" in Sofia, Bulgaria
(Bulgarian, English)
Documentation and Cultural Centre of German Sinti and Roma in
Heidelberg, Germany (German, English)
Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów, Poland. Click "ROMA (CYGANIE)" on the
menu at left. (Polish, English, Romani)
Who we Were, Who we Are: Kosovo Roma Oral History Collection. The most
comprehensive collection of information on Kosovo's Roma in existence.
(English)

v • d • eRomani people around the world

Cultural groups

Roma (Boyash • Kalderash • Lovari • Machvaya • Ruska Roma • Servitko
Roma • Ursari • Muslim Roma) • Ashkali • Cascarots • Erromintxela •
Gitanos • Finnish Kale • Welsh Kale • Romanichal • Sinti • Manouche •
Scandinavian Travellers (Tavinger, Romanisæl) • Kawliya
(sometimes considered Romani: Dom • Lom • Lyuli • Bosha • Garachi)

By location:

Central and Eastern Europe: Croatia • Bosnia and Herzegovina •
Bulgaria • Greece • Cyprus • Hungary • Kosovo • Macedonia • Romania •
Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • Spain • Ukraine
Western and Northern Europe: Finland • France • Spain
Near East: Armenia • Syria • Turkey
Americas: Black Dutch

Settlements and communities

Sulukule • Agia Varvara • Mitrovica refugee camps • Stolipinovo •
Rudolice nad Bílinou • Šuto Orizari Municipality • Bangladeš • Budeşti
• Jatagan Mala • Zanea

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people"

Pages in category "Roma"

The following 39 pages are in this category, out of 39 total. This
list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

Romani people

Antiziganism

C
Central Council of German Sinti and Roma
Roma (Romani subgroup)
D
Romani dance
Didem (Belly Dancer)
F
Fictional representations of Romani people
Flag of the Romani people
G
Gypsy
Gypsy Scourge
K
Ketani Association
L
Lavengro
List of Romani settlements
M
M50 Roma Emcampment Ireland
Kurt May
N
Ranjit Naik
Names of the Romani people
O
Opera Nomadi
R
Rayito
Relations between ethnic Czechs and Roma
Rokker Radio
Roma Special School
Roma in United Nations refugee camps, Kosovska Mitrovica
Romani people of Vojvodina
Romani studies
Romany crucifixion legend
R cont.
Romska Inteligencia za Spolunazivanie
Rudolice nad Bílinou
S
Sapera
The Scholar Gipsy
Selamsız
Sinti
Stolipinovo
Sulukule
U
United Roma Party of Kosovo
Ústí nad Labem
Y
Yeniche language
Z
Zargari people
Zoli

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_people

The Lost Tribes of India
By Jeetan Sareen
Aug 29, 2005

The history of the ethnic group, known collectively as the "Gypsies,"
is a long and muddled one. For a long time, no one knew their origins.
Now as we're beginning to unravel their past, their future is
uncertain. But what is certain is an underlying culture that connects
Gypsies regardless of what part of the world they are settled in.

Who are you and whence do you come?
Why have you forgotten yourself? Oh, my darling!
These lice-ridden Gorgios gave you dirty and false names as Lubni and
Mugni, Xorasani and Osmani,
But you are Mother India's forgotten child Ramni, now called Romni.
In fact you are the flowing Ganges water mixed with the waters of the
river Nile, Euphrates and Danube.

- J.S. Pathania (re-translated from the Romani original)

It is well accepted now that the Gypsies probably originated from
India. There are many legends that attest to this, as well as
linguistic ties that make this conclusion all but guaranteed.
Moreover, cultural similarities have led most scholars to agree with
this theory. The Gypsies, or as they call themselves Roma, are a
curious ethnicity that "never sleep twice in the same place never
drink water twice from the same well, and never cross the same river
twice in one year." I would like to explain a very brief history of
the Gypsies, and show the underlying Indian connection to this ethnic
group. In recent years (especially since the fall of the Easter Bloc),
the Romani have attempted to connect with their Indian past, and
perhaps we should know more about these lost relatives, so we can
forge closer ties. Since most Romani live in Eastern Europe, it may
help Indians, and India solidify stronger ties with Eastern Europeans
as well. This can be a connection with large ramifications. At the
very least, we will learn more about an ethnic group that has forever
been dismissed, ridiculed and downright denigrated.

The term "Gypsies" is an historical aberration, and actually
originated in the region of Armenia. A few hundred years ago the
Gypsies had settled into this region and formed camps in and on the
outskirts of cities. One major camp was known as "Little Egypt",
because the locals believed the people were from Egypt. Thus the term
Gypsies is derived from Egyptian. However, the connection to Egypt is
all but completely non-existent.

There are many legends in Roma culture. Roma culture is filled with
exquisite stories, and is very art-oriented, something I have always
found true with our great Hindu/Indian culture. Roma culture is also
very music-oriented, and there is reason to believe that there is an
Indian connection to this. One very popular Roma myth explains how the
Romani were forced out of India:

From Konrad Bercovici, STORY OF THE GYPSIES [1]:

We were then living on the Ganges. And our chief was a powerful chief…
a man whose voice was heard over all the land and whose judgments were
final. This chief had an only son whose name was Tchen.

In the land of the Hind there ruled a powerful king whose favorite
wife had borne him an only child, a daughter, whom he named Gan. One
day a sorcerer told this king that a man was to invade the Hind, at
the head of a numerous horde and overrun the land and destroy the king
and his family, and become the master of the country. The sorcerer
also told him that this conqueror should be immune from every form of
death, but that it was written that he would perish if he should do
violence to the Gypsy.

To save his newly-born daughter, the king called our chief, Tchen's
father, whose friend he was, and it was agreed between them that the
child was to be taken secretly to the tent of the Gypsy chief and only
the chief's wife would know who the child really was. Three days later
our Barrosan announced to his people that his wife had given birth to
a girl, and that her name was Gan...and so it was that Tchen and Gan
grew up in the same tent.

When Tchen was to be wived, they asked him to choose from the girls of
his tribe, but there was no one he desired. Again and again, the most
beautiful girls danced before him, but he found none to his liking. In
the meantime, the old chief died. Tchen threatened to kill himself,
for he realized that he loved his own sister. So his mother told him
that Gan was the daughter of the king of the Hind and not his sister.

The people were torn in two; those who agreed that everything the
young chief did was right, and the other which swore not to live under
a chief who married his own sister. Tchen dared not tell the truth,
lest the invader destroy Gan.

Meanwhile one of Skender's generals came down like a cyclone upon the
land of the Hind, devastating and destroying everything. As the
sorcerer had foretold, the king of the Hind was killed with all his
wives...their bones left under a pile of stones at the ruined palace.
One of the Gypsies approached this great conqueror to ask him for a
judgment on a sister marrying a brother… but the conqueror looked at
him with scorn and hit him a fatal blow on the head. At that moment,
the great general and his horse burst and crumbled like a clay pot
tossed on a rock. The wind blew his remains into the desert.

Those who opposed Tchen pursued him and his followers to the end of
the land and beyond. Those who had remained faithful to their chief
were called "Tchen-Gans" ...meaning brothers who married their
sisters. And a great sorcerer cursed Tchen and those following him,
saying that they should forever wander over the face of the earth,
never sleep twice in the same place never drink water twice from the
same well, and never cross the same river twice in one year.

Though this particular legend suggests the Roma are from the Ganges
region of India, the veracity of such legends is tough to measure. For
centuries the origins of the Gypsies were shrouded in mystery. Here
today and gone tomorrow, these banks of dark-skinned nomads with
strange habits aroused the curiosity of sedentary populations, and
many writers constructed a variety of often far-fetched hypotheses in
an attempt to explain the enigma.

In the nineteenth century, although scientific investigation had
already provided the answer, the most fantastic myths were still being
made.

This jumble of ingenious superstitions and shaky hypotheses did not
survive serious study of the language of the Gypsies. As early as
during the Renaissance scholars had some notions of this language, but
they did not connect it to any linguistic group nor locate the area in
which it originated. At the end of the eighteenth century, however,
scholars were able to determine the origin of the Gypsies on the basis
of scientific evidence.

Since then eminent linguists have confirmed the analyses of these
early scholars. The grammar and vocabulary of the language of the
Gypsies are close to those of Sanskrit and to such living languages as
Kashmiri, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi and Nepali. Modern scholars no
longer doubt that the Gypsies originated in India, but many problems
concerning ethnic group, social class, and the period of their
earliest migrations still need to be elucidated.

Linguistics is the discipline best able to locate the origin of the
Gypsies, but anthropology, medical science and ethnology also have a
contribution to make.

Documentation on the period that may be called "the prehistory of the
Gypsies" is extremely limited. The writers of ancient India were only
interested in gods and kings, and paid scant attention to the people
known as the Zott, the Jat, the Luli, the Nuri, or the Dom. [2]

Today it is known that Romani, the language of the Gypsies, is a
sister language of Sanskrit. This was first proven by a German
philologist, H.M.G. Grellman, in the late eighteenth century, who
conducted a study of Romani words (later consolidated in a fifteen
page catalogue) and compared it to Sanskrit, finding at least a third
of them to be of Hindu origin. Future comparisons yielded the
discovery that the grammatical construction and vocabulary of Romani
very closely resembles that of the language spoken by the Jats, a
nomadic tribe of northwestern India. [3]

Many now believe that the Roma were a group from NorthWest India,
mainly low-caste Sudra, who left India. Many legends suggest they were
banished. These people traveled through the Mid-East, and eventually
reached Europe. There are three main migration periods. The first is
the exodus from India. The second is the movement from the Mid-East to
Europe (mainly the Armenian "Little Egypt" Region). The third has been
post-World War II. The Roma were absolutely destroyed by the Nazi's
who killed them en masse (in fact the death penalty was less stringent
for Jews than for the Roma. If you were 1/4 Jewish, you would be
killed, but if you were 1/16th Roma, you would be put to death). This
was not new, the persecution of the Gypsies began centuries prior to
the 1940's, and was a part of the Northern Europe's cultural heritage
so to speak.

Today, the Roma are dispersed into three categories, based on
geography the Rom (European Roma), Lom (specifically the Armenians),
and Dom (in the Mid-east, specifically Iran). These terms are all
phonetically correspondent to Sanskrit's "domba", or modern Indian
terms like dom or dum.

In Sanskrit domba means "man of low caste living by singing and
music." In modern Indian tongues the corresponding words have similar
or related meanings: in Lahnda it is "menial"; in Sindhi, "caste of
wandering musician"; in Panjabi, "strolling musician"; in West Pahari
it means "low-caste man." There are references to the Dom as musicians
from the sixteenth century. The Dom still exist in India; they are
nomads who do a number of jobs: basket-making, smithing, metalworking,
scavenging, music-making. Not surprisingly, many people have leapt on
a Dom theory of origins for the Gypsies.

This also makes sense in a cultural sense, since the Roma have
traditionally been known for two types of work: either art/music
related, or metallurgy. [3] In fact, it is the Roma's metallurgy
ability that has led many to believe they helped educate the world
about the ancient Indian techniques.

By 400 A.D., we see the first mention of the group that would one day
be called the Gypsies. Bahram Gur, Shah of Persia, sends for 10,000
Luri (or Zotts, depending on which translation) to be brought from the
borders of India into his court. These Zotts were renowned musicians
and dancers at this time. They became favorites of the Persian court,
to the point that once the Caliphs took over, the Zotts (derivation of
Jatts perhaps) were moved to Antioch to keep them away from the courts
in case they were still sympathetic to the deposed Shah.

When they went to Antioch, they took their music, and their cattle.
They were a settled people there, until c. 820 A.D., when they were
forcibly moved from the area to Baghdad, then separated into smaller
groups so as not to cause any more trouble for the Arabs over their
cattle-grazing rights.

By 1050 A.D., the gypsies had made their way to Constantinople and the
rest of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Monomachus asked the Adsincani
(derived from the Greek "Atsinganoi" which is the root word for
various names that the gypsies are called now, such as Tzigane,
Zincali, etc.) to rid his forests of the wild animals which were
killing off his stock in his hunting preserve. These people were well
known for their ability with animals, along with their proficiency at
metalwork and music.

As the Ottoman Empire spread, so did the gypsies. They are recorded in
Serbia in 1348, Bulgaria in 1378 and can be documented in Hungary in
1383. The Ottomans were actually the first to refer to the gypsies as
"Egyptians" in 1396 in what is now Bulgaria. These were a useful and
well-received people in the Middle East and Eastern Europe during this
time on the whole. The only place that this could not be said was true
was in Romania. In 1385 there is the first record of gypsy slaves. But
even then, they were coveted all over for their abilities in
metalwork, music and animal handling. They also became well known as
proficient mercenaries for hire, their prowess on the field legendary
in Hungary and Romania, both fighting for the Turks and against them.

In 1407, everything changed for the gypsies. Historians are divided as
to how they came up with the idea to go to Western Europe as penitent
pilgrims. To the gypsies, this "pilgrimage" is known as the Hakko
Baro, or the Great Game/Scam [4]. They appeared outside of the gates
of Hildesheim, Germany, with letters from King Sigismund, the Holy
Roman Emperor, granting them safe passage through all lands under his
domain. From there, they traveled to Italy, telling their story to the
Pope, who in turn gave them letters of safe passage and a letter
stating that all dioceses that these people come across would give
them money and food.

When they showed up with these letters outside the gates of Paris in
1427, they caused quite a commotion. An alderman wrote in his journal
of their approach to the gates, with the "barely clad women" telling
people's fortunes, and their men dressed in scarlet, daring you to
ignore them. All in their traveling group stayed outside the gates but
for their leaders, who presented the letters to the authorities in the
city.

Once they appeared in Western Europe, opinions began to change on how
useful and alike to others the Gypsies were. In Eastern Europe and
Germany, you see legislation begin to be passed forbidding gypsies
entry into certain towns. The reasoning behind these laws was to quell
the idea that they gypsies were Turkish spies and traitors to whatever
country they were in at the time. Unfortunately, all this seemed to do
was incite more and more suspicion, which eventually made the Gypsies
second-class citizens in most Europeans eyes.

By the mid-16th century, the gypsies were not even safe in Turkish-
controlled lands. What was different here was the fact that the
settled Gypsies were the ones being persecuted here, instead of the
nomadic Gypsies. They were taxed heavily, and "persuaded" to convert
to Islam, sometimes being imprisoned and/or killed for not converting.

From this time period on, Gypsies become outcasts, with the peak of
dehumanization and torture appearing during World War II with the
Final Solution encompassing Gypsies along with Jews. Along with the
human loss from that time, we also lost many of the people who
actually may have been able to answer some of the questions that
historians still pose today as to the origins of this people. [4]

To the Roma the persecution during the 1940's is as important as it is
to the Jews. The Romani Anthem (International Roma organizations have
attempted to codify Roma culture in an attempt to unite the various
groups. The Roma now have an anthem, as well as a flag that contains a
16 spoke -as opposed to the Indian 24 spoke- Chakra) articulates the
troubled history of these people [5]:

I went, I went on long roads
I met happy Roma
O Roma where do you come from,
With tents on happy roads?
O Roma, O fellow Roma

I once had a great family,
The Black Legions* murdered them
Come with me Roma from all the world
For the Romani roads have opened
Now is the time, rise up Roma now,
We will rise high if we act

O Roma, O fellow Roma

*(the Black Legions refers to the Black uniformed SS, Gestapo as well
as the "Death's Head Battalion" concentration camp units).

Today the Roma are trying to reach out to their past, and understand
themselves better. Freedom after the fall of the Soviet Bloc has
created an impetus to learn more about themselves. Clearly this has
led them to turn their sights and hearts towards India. It is
important for us Indians, and specifically us Hindus, to reach out to
this community. They are a great example of the plight of Indians
around the world. They have endured persecution from the Arabs, the
Nazis and have been sent on Slave-ships to the Americas. They have
inhabited most of the world at some point, and have been ambassadors
of Indian culture and science. They are known for their metallurgy,
and their music, two talents India has always been known for as well.
For many Roma a new identity, which one might call "Hindupen" is
growing out of an unprecedented pride in origins. [3]

In conclusion, I would like to suggest we have an appreciation for
these people, who even today, are ridiculed and derided. The term
"Gypsy" has a bad connotation, and is of ill-repute. It is best to
know more about them, if for nothing at least to learn more about our
own ancient land, which they proudly believe to be their own as well.

References:

[1] http://www.dancers-archive.com/med-dance/legends.txt
[2] http://www.geocities.com/Paris/5121/homeland.htm
[3] http://pages.slc.edu/~badams/GIFandJPEG/Hindupenpage.htm
[4] http://www.florilegium.org/files/CULTURES/Gypsies-art.html
[5] http://www.geocities.com/Paris/5121/gelem.htm

http://www.swaveda.com/articles.php?action=show&id=31

http://thetruthwholetruthandnothingbuttruth.blogspot.com/2010/04/not-required-indian-nri-sid-harth.html

...and I am Sid Harth

== 2 of 2 ==
Date: Sat, Apr 10 2010 10:57 pm
From: navanavonmilita

On Apr 10, 12:22 pm, navanavonmilita <navanavonmil...@gmail.com>
wrote:
> On Apr 9, 3:17 pm, SuryaArya <whited...@inbox.com> wrote:
>
> >http://www.angelfire.com/oh/Monkeys2/images/NGMonkey.jpg

Caste, Cast in Stone: Sid Harth

Kunbi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Castes of India

Maratha Kunbi
Classification Hindu Kshatriya
Religions Hinduism

Language Hindi, Chhattisgarhi, Marathi, Konkani, Gujrati, South Indian
languages and dialects
Populated States Northern India, Western India, Central India, South
India
People from the Kunbi (also called Kurmi) community in India belong to
a sub-caste of the Kshatriya varna.[citation needed] The word kunabi
is a generic term equivalent to farmer in English. According to the
great Indian mythology God Rama had two sons one Luv and other Kush.
Luv's successors came to known as lavyas who settled in Kashmir and
later moved towardsTother parts of the country mentioned below .
Successors of kush came to be known as Kushwahas, who basically
setteled in northern plains of India. Ancient Kurmis (then known as
Patidars) formed governing bodies in Gujarat, Maharastra, Sindh,
Kashmir, The Eastern Afghanistan Plains, Indus River Valley, and parts
of Pakistan in pre-mughal times. They became owners of land, and
issued it for farming in pattas. Owners of pattas were called
Patildars or Patidars >> Patel & Patil. Later, they further sub-
divided into many other sub-castes.

In India, societies like Kshatriyas Maratha, Rajput, Yadav, Gujjar,
Raju, and others possess ruling powers but later due to population
expansion and other causes they also worked or lived as farmers and
formed corresponding societies.

Kshatriyas and agriculture

" "A Kshatriya who has fallen into distress, may subsist by all these
means..." "
— Laws of Manu, X:95 [1]

As per ancient Hindu texts, agriculture is permissible to Kshatriyas
under special circumstances [1] in the absence of opportunities in the
military and feudal apparatus of a righteous Aryan king. Indeed, the
service in the army of an unrighteous, or a 'Yavana', or a 'Maleccha',
king was the biggest imaginable anathema for a concentious and
observant vedic kshatriya in ancient India. A vedic kshatriya was not
a mercenary soldier but a defender of faith and righteous order
(dharma).

Culture

Some Hindu-Kunbis perform the Upanayana[citation needed] Samskara as
per their family traditions which is as per the original clan they
follow,though it is not a compulsion & at places not considered right
amongst themselves. In the past Kunbis have larger houses - some were
called WADA, some were GADHI (fortressed complex) and some also had
KEELLA (a fort). Most of the historical evidences are managed and
maintained by National (India) and State (Maharashtra) level
government departments, although there are many families who maintain
their own set of documents or evidences as a mark of family assets.
Large scale Kunbi farmers generally maintain large herds of dairy
cattle and a number of horses.

List of famous Maratha Saints

Saint Tukaram A 17th Century popular poet.
Siddharameshwar Maharaj A guru of Nondualism, a saint of Solapur and
guru of Nisargadatta Maharaj and Ranjith Maharaj.
Nisargadatta Maharaj One of the world famous disciples of
Siddharameshwar Maharaj and author of book I Am That.He has many
international disciples who are famous and preach in USA, Europe &
Australia. Some of his disciples are John Wheeler & Bob Adamson.
Rashtra Saint Tukdoji Maharaj A national saint, musician and social
reformer. He wrote Gramgeeta for rural development.

Maratha Kunabi Society

Kunabi Maratha is Cluster of Royal 96 clans and Peasantry Class of
Maharashtra and also Maratha Royalties Proclaimed themeselves farmer
as they were landlords.Royal 96 clans marry among only Maratha Farmers
i.e.Maratha Kunabi ,not other Kunabi's from non-maratha cast.

Kunbis, also known as Kunbi Marathas, are a Maratha sub-caste residing
primarily in provinces of India such as Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Gujarat, Karnataka etc.

Betul District (Madhya Pradesh) is one of the higher kunbi population
place.

List of other Saints

Shree Saint Gulabrao Maharaj was blind from birth. He preached Vedas
to the Brahmins.
Shree Sant Gadaji Maharaj A saint, visionary leader and social
reformer in 1700. He saved his own village from the mughal occupation
and became famous for his extraordinary leadership and visionary
speeches. Nearly 20 thousand people gather on holy occasions to
remember him.

List of famous Kunbi Marathi Women

Lalita Pawar was a Bollywood actor known as the The Mother of all
mothers-in-law in films. She was born into a rich Yevle family of
Nashik and was married to Raj Prakash Gupta and lived in Pune. She
started her career in silent films in 1928 and acted in more than 500
Hindi and Marathi films.
Smita Patil was a Bollywood actor who was the first Asian cine-star to
have the unique honor of Retrospectives in Paris and La Rochelle, (at
the promptings of no less a film luminary than Director Costa Gavras),
a two-time Best Actress award winner at the National Film Festival
(Bhumika and Chakra) and a Padmashree. She was a keen photographer and
died at the age of 31.
Smt Prabha Rau is now the Governor of Himachal Pradesh and is the
former president of Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committie. She is a
sports person and has represented Maharashtra in the long jump, high
jump, hurdles, discus throw and running. She is also a musician, and
holds a Masters degree in Politics and Music.
Smt Kumud Pawade was a renowned Sanskrit scholar, author and a
professor. She was born in Nagpur in 1938 into a Mahar family
considered to be untouchable before the 1950s. She married Motiram
Pawade a social worker who was from a Maratha family. She was also the
president of All India Progressive Woman's Organization.
Mrs Ujjwala Raut-Sterry is India's most accomplished supermodel now
settled in the US. She has won awards in both India and
internationally for her performance as a model. Born and brought up in
Mumbai, she is married to British film producer Craig Maxwell Sterry.
She has also been on the cover of Time magazine.
'Miss India Sayali Bhagat', A famous bollywood actress is from Nasik

List of famous Kunbi Men

Yashaskara, King of KashmirDynasties of Ancient Kashmir. After the
Utpala dynasty, a Yashaskara became king. (V 469). He was a great-
grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V 469). He was from the kutumbi
group (also known as kurmis of UP and Kunbis of Gujarat/Maharashtra)
and the son of a treasurer of Karkota Shamkaravarman.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynasties_of_Ancient_Kashmir#The_Dynasties
Shri Shivajirao Adhalrao Patil His father was a small scale farmer and
Shivajirao as a child used to sell vegetables in Mumbai. At one time
he even struggled to get daily bread. He got his first job as a peon
in Zenith Computers a software company based in Mumbai. With his
company owner's support, he started taking part time classes in
English. This company was a turning point for him and later on he
started his own company Dynalog Limited, that supplies electronics
good to Defense, Education and Industries. Shivajirao's company has
now grown into famous venture well known in India and Internationally.
Shivajirao has won numerous awards for his achievement both at state
and national level. Due to trouble faced him in getting education
during his childhood, he started a school for kids. Besides being a
Industrialist he is a Member of Parliament from Shiv Sena.
Dr Shrikant Jichkar, MP, Member of Rajya Sabha, Cabinet Minister of
Maharashtra holds 20 postgraduate degrees. He has obtained 28 Gold
Medals. Between 1972 and 1990 he wrote 42 University Examinations. He
was also IPS officer and IAS officer. At 25 years of age, he became
the Youngest MLA in India. He was also leading Indian delegations on
several forums including the UNO, UNESCO. He is founder of Kavi
Kulaguru Kalidas (India's firstSanskrit University). He is Managing
Editor of Nagpur Times and Nagpur Patrika and Founding Chairman of
National Institute of Amateur Radio. (The Guinness World Records lists
him as 'Politician with most qualifications'. He was the first Non-
Brahmin to be awarded the Dixit Title)
Sandeep Patil is a cricket player and former coach of the Kenya
Cricket Team that reached World Cup Semi-Finals in 2003. He had a
record for six fours in a cricket over.
Barrister S. K. Wankhede is a former BCCI President and State
Minister. He was married to the late Smt Kusumtai (from a Brahmin
family) who greatly contributed to his career success. Due to his
contribution to Indian cricket a stadium was named after him.
Shri Anant Geete is a Member of Parliament and former Union Minister
of Power. He is involved in power reforms that started during orthodox
BJP Led-NDA central government. He belongs to Konkan Region.
Shri Datta Meghe is Educationists, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha.
He runs several educational institutes in Mumbai and Central India.
Dr Atul Gawande is a second generation Harvard professor and doctor,
who is also a columnist in US. He was a student at Stanford and Oxford.
[1]
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/faculty/atul-gawande/
Late Dwarkanath Laxman Mhaskar known as Dadasaheb was the President of
Tillori Kunbi Maratha Samaj (Mumbai). He has worked with his father
Late Laxman Krishnaji Mhaskar in Govt central press, Mumbai when the
freedom movement started, he later gave his resignation and got
involved in to the movement. He was even attached with various school
and colleges, as donor and committee member. He was vice president of
Mumbai Sharirik Shikshan Mandal Headed by Late Appa Samant(Fanas wadi
Koliwadi). Also he had formed Maharashtara Rajya Hu-tu-tu Maha Mandal.
He has arranged many tournaments in Mumbai and Rest of the state. He
had formed Shreerang Co-operative Housing Society Limited, with help
of Late S K Wankhede,(Former State Finance Minister) and Sumati Devi
Dhanavte (M.L.A.)frm Nagpur. This was the biggest Housing Society in
India. He even participated in the separation of Mumbai region from
Sanyukta Maharashtra. He even went to jail during this movement. Govt
of Maharashtra awarded him as Justice of Peace for 35 years. He has
traveled abroad for many social seminar in many countries. He died in
May 88 in Thane. Facts by Anant Dwarkanath Mhaskar and Amar Anant
Mhaskar.
Rajnikanth (Birth Name:Shivaji Rao Gaekwad) also known as Super star
is a famous Indian film actor. He is the second highest paid actor in
Asia after Jackie Chan. He is a follower of Raghavendra Swami.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajnikanth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackie_Chan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami
Harish Raut (1925–2002) was born in Bordi. He was one of the best
painters and his paintings appear in national galleries, government
offices, museums in India and abroad and on greeting cards. He has won
several state and national awards for his painting. His paintings
mainly focus on rural life in India. His natural skill was identified
and furthered by Government of Maharashtra.

Anil Mahajan Pandagre A Youngest person a famous Socialworkar &
Administer kunbi community webparchayika ...[2] At present he is
active kunbi,s Data collection in India.
http://www.lonarikunbi.in/
Dr. R B Thakare Former adviser to World Bank and Asian Development
Bank. He obtained his PhD from University of California, Berkly. He is
a widely recognized expert in the field of [Agriculture]. He has
number of publications in international journals and is a Board of
Member on various universities and institutes in India. At present he
is active in India solving farmers problems.
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh was a famous social reformer, educationists and
freedom fighter in Vidarbha. He was the founder of Shivaji Education
Society at Amravati and was a Union Minister of Agriculture in Pandit
Nehru's government. He completed his Ph.D at University of Cambridge.
He returned to India was involved in reforms and was also associated
with Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabrao_Deshmukh
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimrao_Ambedkar

Sanjay Raut A famous Shiv Sena member and a journalist by profession.
He is the Editor of Shiv Sena daily news paper Saamna. He is also a
Member of Parliament.
Aditya Raut Youngest person in the world to swim across five
continental channels [3]
Shaheed Major Manishi Pitambare recipient of Kranti Chakra, died in
Kashmir valley while fighting with militants was from Murabad in Thane
District

[edit] Demographics

Historical social Structure in Central India

Kunbis of Maharashtra are known as Marathas as they form the farming
section of Marathas. Kunbis from Maharashtra have a 12 and 1/2 (also
known as Saade Bara) clan system. The 12 clans predominantly consist
of Indo-Aryan races and 1/2 part consists of other clans. Names of
clans are listed below [4]

Dhanoje - Located in Vidarbha region. Mainly farming. Few Dhanoje
kunbi's are very rich in Chandrapur region. Many of them have started
education institutes in vidarbha region. They are mainly into farming
and but with time youth of this caste is now well educated and settled
in other parts of country and in foreign countries. Strong presence in
the politics of Vidarbha region especially Amarawati, Chandrapur,
Yeotmal.
Tirale, most prosperous caste in number of parts of Maharashtra and
now dominant in politics in Vidarbha and Khandesh. (Tirale is the most
ancient of all the sub castes and represents the Rajputs from Therol
from Rajputana)[5][6]
Lonari (Farming,business)
Vandhekars (i.e Deshmukhs) and Jadhav (administration, business,
farming and now politically dominant)
Ahire,
Bawne:located in Bhandara and Nagpur district. Mainly farmer community
and well learned and works in govt. and private firms. Dominant as
population wise in most of the villages in Bhandara and Kuhi tahsil,
Ramtek and Umred tahsil villages.
Vanjari and Dhanoje (money lenders, business and farming)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanjari_(caste)
Lonare, Zade, Beldar, Ghatole, Killedar and Dhakane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beldar
Mana, Kare, Karadi and Khedule and Dait
Khaire and Jungli (tribals involved in farming)
Jadhavs with surnames Sonar, sonare, khapare, dhuldhar, bhurkunde,
Tatte, Bhad, Deshmukh reside mainly in Vidharbha specially in western
regions like Amaravati.
Valte:Located in Vijapur (Duparepada)in Wada Tehsil & Thane
District...Have only one family byt now it is distributed into the 4-5
families at Duparepada,Kudus,Sarshi & supegaon...Mahesh Valte
Bhowad, sud

bollywood-holywood

Sunday, April 11, 2010

rec.arts.movies.local.indian - 12 new messages in 4 topics - digest

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